Its genome shares haplotypes with modern domesticated emmer at shattering, seed size, and germination loci, and within other putative domestication loci, suggesting these traits share a common origin prior to emmer’s introduction to Egypt. Here we report whole genome sequence from a museum specimen of Egyptian emmer wheat chaff, 14C-dated to the New Kingdom 1,130 – 1,000 BCE. Emmer was one of the first cereals domesticated in the old world, cultivated from around 9700 BCE in the Levant 1, 2 and subsequently in South-Western Asia, Northern Africa, and Europe with the spread of Neolithic agriculture 3, 4. aestivum), as well as the direct ancestor of tetraploid durum wheat ( T.
dicoccon) is a progenitor of the world’s most widely grown crop, hexaploid bread wheat ( T. Tetraploid emmer wheat ( Triticum turgidum subsp.
